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Material flow accounting (MFA) is the study of material flows on a national or regional scale. It is therefore sometimes also referred to as regional, national or economy-wide material flow analysis. ==Introduction== Material flow accounting provides economy-wide data on material use. Through international standardization, this data has become reliable and comparable across countries.〔Fischer-Kowalski, M., Krausmann, F., Giljum, S., Lutter, S., Mayer, A., Bringezu, S., Moriguchi, Y., Schütz, H., Schandl, H., Weisz, H., 2011. Methodology and Indicators of Economy-wide Material Flow Accounting. J. Ind. Ecol. 15, 855–876. http://www.pik-potsdam.de/members/weisz/recent-publications-1/JIEMFAStateoftheart2011.pdf〕〔Eurostat, 2012. Economy-wide Material Flow Accounts (EW-MFA) - Compilation Guide 2012. Eurostat, Luxembourg. http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/environmental_accounts/documents/Economy-wide%20material%20flow%20accounts%20compilation%20guide%20%20-.pdf〕 Increasingly, the data are also being made available in medium- to long-term time series allowing for the analysis of past trends as well as potential future developments. Material flow accounts provide information on the material inputs into, the changes in material stock within, and the material outputs in the form of exports to other economies or discharges to the environment of an economy. Material flow accounting can be used in national planning, especially for scarce resources, and also allows for forecasting. The method can be used to assess environmental burdens associated with the economic activities of a nation and to determine how material intensive an economy is.
In MFA studies for a region or on a national level the flows of materials between the natural environment and the economy are analyzed and quantified on a physical level. The focus may be on individual substances (e.g. Cadmium flows), specific materials, or bulk material flows (e.g. steel and steel scrap flows within an economy). Researchers in this field are organized in the Socio-Economic Metabolism (SEM) section〔http://isie-sem.blogspot.co.at/〕 of the International Society for Industrial Ecology (ISIE).〔http://www.is4ie.org/〕 Statistics related to material flow accounting are usually compiled by national statistical offices, using economic, agricultural and trade statistics measuring the exchange of material between different products available in an economy. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Material flow accounting」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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